Thursday, March 8, 2012

Hydroxocobalamin Injection BP 1mg / ml





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Hydroxocobalamin Injection 1mg/ml


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition












Active Substance

Quantity

Reference Standard

Hydroxocobalamin Acetate

1.04mg

Ph Eur

equivalent to


Hydroxocobalamin



1.00mg

 


An average of 7.5% has been incorporated.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Solution for injection



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



Addisonian pernicious anaemia. Prophylaxis and treatment of other macrocytic anaemias associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency. Tobacco amnblyopia and Leber's optic atropy.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Route of Administration



Intramuscular injection



Dosage and Administration



The following dosage schemes are suitable for adults and children.



Addisonian pernicious anaemias and other macrocytic anaemias without neurological involvement.



Initially 250 to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly on alternate days for one or two weeks, then 250 micrograms weekly until the blood count is normal.



Maintenance: 1000 micrograms every two to three months.



Addisonian pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias with neurological involvement.



Initially: 1000 micrograms on alternate days as long as improvement is occurring.



Maintenance: 1000 micrograms every two of three months.



Prophylaxis of macrocytic anaemia associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from gastrectomy, some malabsorption syndromes and strict vegetarianism.



1000 micrograms every two or three months.



Tobacco amblyopia and Leber's optic atrophy.



Initially: 1000 micrograms or more daily by intramuscular injection for two weeks then twice weekly as long as improvement is occurring.



Maintenance: 1000 micrograms monthly.



4.3 Contraindications



Hypersensitivity to any ingredient in the preparation



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



The dosage schemes given above are normally satisfactory, but regular examination of the blood is advisable.



If megaloblastic anaemia fails to respond, folate metabolism should be investigated. Doses in excess of 10 micrograms daily may produce a haematological response in patients with folate deficiency. Indiscriminate administration may mask the true diagnosis.



Cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hypokalaemia during initial therapy have been reported. Plasma potassium should therefore be monitored during this period.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



Chloramphenicol-treated patients may respond poorly to Hydroxocobalamin injection.



Serum concentrations of hydroxocobalamin may be lowered by oral contraceptives.



The above interactions are unlikely to have clinical significance.



Antimetabolites and most antibiotics invalidate B12 assays by microbiological techniques.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Hydroxocobalamin injection should not be used for the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



None known.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



Itching, exanthema, chills, fever, hot flushes, nausea and dizziness and exceptionally anaphylaxis.



Acniform and bulbous eruptions have been reported rarely.



4.9 Overdose



Treatment is unlikely to be required in the case of overdosage.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Hydroxocobalamin is extensively bound to specific plasma proteins. It is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, but may be irregularly absorbed when given in large therapeutic doses and absorption is impaired in patients with an absence of intrinsic factor, with a malabsorption syndrome or with disease or abnormality of the gut, or after gastrectomy.



Hydroxocabalamin is stored in the liver, excreted in the bile, and undergoes some enterohepatic recycling, part of the dose is excreted in the urine, most of it in the first 8 hours. Hydroxocobalamin diffuses across the placenta.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



An Intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin produced higher serum levels than the same dose of cyanocobalamin and these levels are well maintained.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Not applicable.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Glacial acetic acid Ph Eur



Sodium chloride Ph Eur



Water for injection Ph Eur



6.2 Incompatibilities



None Known



6.3 Shelf Life



The proposed shelf life is 24 months.



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Store at or below 25°C. Protect from light.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



Type I glass ampoules in cardboard box.



5 ampoules per pack.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



None.



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



Goldshield Pharmaceuticals Ltd



NLA Tower



Addiscombe Road



Croydon



CR9 6BP



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 12762/0008



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



18 August 1997



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



May 1999.




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